Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), originally proposed for node classification, have also motivated many recent works on edge prediction (a.k.a., link prediction). However, existing methods lack elaborate design regarding the distinctions between two tasks that have been frequently overlooked: (i) edges only constitute the topology in the node classification task but can be used as both the topology and the supervisions (i.e., labels) in the edge prediction task; (ii) the node classification makes prediction over each individual node, while the edge prediction is determinated by each pair of nodes. To this end, we propose a novel edge prediction paradigm named Edge-aware Message PassIng neuRal nEtworks (EMPIRE). Concretely, we first introduce an edge splitting technique to specify use of each edge where each edge is solely used as either the topology or the supervision (named as topology edge or supervision edge). We then develop a new message passing mechanism that generates the messages to source nodes (through topology edges) being aware of target nodes (through supervision edges). In order to emphasize the differences between pairs connected by supervision edges and pairs unconnected, we further weight the messages to highlight the relative ones that can reflect the differences. In addition, we design a novel negative node-pair sampling trick that efficiently samples 'hard' negative instances in the supervision instances, and can significantly improve the performance. Experimental results verify that the proposed method can significantly outperform existing state-of-the-art models regarding the edge prediction task on multiple homogeneous and heterogeneous graph datasets.

Reinforcement learning-based (RL-based) energy management strategy (EMS) is considered a promising solution for the energy management of electric vehicles with multiple power sources. It has been shown to outperform conventional methods in energy management problems regarding energy-saving and real-time performance. However, previous studies have not systematically examined the essential elements of RL-based EMS. This paper presents an empirical analysis of RL-based EMS in a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). The empirical analysis is developed in four aspects: algorithm, perception and decision granularity, hyperparameters, and reward function. The results show that the Off-policy algorithm effectively develops a more fuel-efficient solution within the complete driving cycle compared with other algorithms. Improving the perception and decision granularity does not produce a more desirable energy-saving solution but better balances battery power and fuel consumption. The equivalent energy optimization objective based on the instantaneous state of charge (SOC) variation is parameter sensitive and can help RL-EMSs to achieve more efficient energy-cost strategies.

The 1$^{\text{st}}$ Workshop on Maritime Computer Vision (MaCVi) 2023 focused on maritime computer vision for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), and organized several subchallenges in this domain: (i) UAV-based Maritime Object Detection, (ii) UAV-based Maritime Object Tracking, (iii) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Segmentation and (iv) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Detection. The subchallenges were based on the SeaDronesSee and MODS benchmarks. This report summarizes the main findings of the individual subchallenges and introduces a new benchmark, called SeaDronesSee Object Detection v2, which extends the previous benchmark by including more classes and footage. We provide statistical and qualitative analyses, and assess trends in the best-performing methodologies of over 130 submissions. The methods are summarized in the appendix. The datasets, evaluation code and the leaderboard are publicly available at https://seadronessee.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/macvi.

We explore the capability of plain Vision Transformers (ViTs) for semantic segmentation and propose the SegVit. Previous ViT-based segmentation networks usually learn a pixel-level representation from the output of the ViT. Differently, we make use of the fundamental component -- attention mechanism, to generate masks for semantic segmentation. Specifically, we propose the Attention-to-Mask (ATM) module, in which the similarity maps between a set of learnable class tokens and the spatial feature maps are transferred to the segmentation masks. Experiments show that our proposed SegVit using the ATM module outperforms its counterparts using the plain ViT backbone on the ADE20K dataset and achieves new state-of-the-art performance on COCO-Stuff-10K and PASCAL-Context datasets. Furthermore, to reduce the computational cost of the ViT backbone, we propose query-based down-sampling (QD) and query-based up-sampling (QU) to build a Shrunk structure. With the proposed Shrunk structure, the model can save up to $40\%$ computations while maintaining competitive performance.

在拒绝的环境中进行搜索对于群体机器人来说是具有挑战性的，因为不允许GNSS，映射，数据共享和中央处理的帮助。但是，使用嗅觉和听觉像动物一样合作可能是改善群体合作的重要方法。在本文中，提出了一群自主机器人来探索拒绝环境的嗅觉审计算法算法（OA-BUG）。构建了一个模拟环境，以衡量OA-BUG的性能。使用OA-BUG的搜索任务覆盖范围可以达到96.93％，与类似的算法SGBA相比，最大的40.55％提高了40.55％。此外，在实际的群机器人上进行了实验，以证明OA-BUG的有效性。结果表明，OA-BUG可以在被拒绝的环境中改善群体机器人的性能。

运输电气化需要越来越多的电动机（例如电动机和电动机存储系统）上的电动机，并且对电动电气的控制通常涉及多个输入和多个输出（MIMO）。本文重点介绍了基于多代理增强学习（MARL）算法的多模式混合动力汽车的能源管理策略的在线优化，该算法旨在解决MIMO控制优化，而大多数现有方法仅处理单个输出控制。基于对基于深层确定性策略梯度（DDPG）基于的MARL算法优化的多模式混合动力汽车（HEV）的能源效率的分析，提出了一种新的与多代理的合作网络物理学习。然后，通过一种新颖的随机方法来设定学习驾驶周期，以加快训练过程。最终，网络设计，学习率和政策噪声被纳入了敏感性分析中，并确定了基于DDPG的算法参数，并研究了与多代理的不同关系的学习绩效，并证明与与不完全独立的关系比率0.2是最好的。与单一代理和多代理的同情研究表明，多代理可以在单一代理方案中获得总能量的4％提高。因此，MAL的多目标控制可以实现良好的优化效果和应用效率。

文本到图像生成旨在生成与给定文本一致的真实图像。先前的作品主要通过堆叠生成器 - 歧义器对进行多个对抗训练，主要采用多阶段体系结构，在该培训中，用于提供发电指导的文本语义在所有阶段都保持静态。这项工作认为，每个阶段的文本特征应根据历史阶段的状态（即历史阶段的文本和图像特征）进行自适应重新组合，以在粗到精细的生成过程中提供多样化和准确的语义指导。因此，我们提出了一种新颖的动力学语义演化gan（DSE-GAN），以在新颖的单一对抗性多阶段体系结构下重新构成每个阶段的文本特征。具体而言，我们设计（1）动态语义演化（DSE）模块，该模块首先汇总了历史图像特征以总结生成反馈，然后动态选择在每个阶段重新组装的单词，并通过动态地组装它们增强或抑制不同的粒度子空间的语义。 （2）单个对抗性多阶段体系结构（SAMA），通过消除复杂的多个对抗训练要求扩展了先前的结构，因此可以允许更多的文本图像相互作用阶段，并最终促进DSE模块。我们进行了全面的实验，并表明DSE-GAN在两个广泛使用的基准分别（即CUB-200和MSCOCO）上获得了7.48 \％和37.8％的相对FID。

由于预计不断增长的3D视觉应用程序将为用户提供具有成本效益和高质量的体验，因此人们非常强调点云的视觉质量。回顾点云质量评估（PCQA）方法的开发，通常通过使用单模式信息，即从2D投影或3D点云中提取的视觉质量进行评估。 2D投影包含丰富的纹理和语义信息，但高度依赖于观点，而3D点云对几何变形更敏感，并且对观点不变。因此，为了利用点云和投影图像模式的优势，我们提出了一种新型的无引用点云质量评估（NR-PCQA），以多模式方式进行。在具体上，我们将点云分为子模型，以表示局部几何变形，例如点移和下采样。然后，我们将点云渲染为2D图像投影，以进行纹理特征提取。为了实现目标，子模型和投影图像由基于点和基于图像的神经网络编码。最后，使用对称的跨模式注意来融合多模式质量意识的信息。实验结果表明，我们的方法的表现都优于所有最新方法，并且远远超过了先前的NR-PCQA方法，这突出了所提出方法的有效性。

深度监督或称为“中间监督”或“辅助监督”是在神经网络的隐藏层上增加监督。最近，该技术越来越多地应用于深层神经网络学习系统中，以用于各种计算机视觉应用。人们达成共识，即深层监督有助于通过减轻梯度消失的问题来改善神经网络的性能，这是深层监督的众多优势之一。此外，在不同的计算机视觉应用程序中，可以以不同的方式应用深度监督。如何最大程度地利用深度监督来改善不同应用程序中的网络性能。在本文中，我们对理论和应用程序中的深入监督进行了全面的深入审查。我们建议对不同深度监督网络进行新的分类，并讨论计算机视觉应用程序中当前深层监督网络的优势和局限性。

利用图像生成模型的最新进展，现有的可控面图像合成方法能够生成具有某些可控性的高保真图像，例如控制生成的面部图像的形状，表达，纹理和姿势。但是，这些方法集中在2D图像生成模型上，这些模型容易在大表达和姿势变化下产生不一致的面部图像。在本文中，我们提出了一个新的基于NERF的条件3D面部合成框架，该框架可以通过从3D脸先进的3D面部施加显式3D条件来对生成的面部图像进行3D可控性。其核心是有条件的生成占用场（CGOF），可有效地强制生成的面部形状，以使其对给定的3D形态模型（3DMM）网格进行。为了准确控制合成图像的细粒3D面部形状，我们还将3D地标损耗以及体积翘曲损失纳入我们的合成算法中。实验验证了所提出的方法的有效性，该方法能够生成高保真的面部图像，并显示出比基于2D的最新可控制的面部合成方法更精确的3D可控性。在https://keqiangsun.github.io/projects/cgof上查找代码和演示。